Chapter 41
Asthma and COPD
A chronic inflammatory airway disease
Asthma — A Chronic Inflammatory Disorder
Asthma is a chronic inflammatory disorder of the airways involving complex interactions between cells (eosinophils, mast cells, macrophages) and mediators (interleukins, leukotrienes) that produce inflammation, obstruction (partially or completely reversible), increased airway responsiveness (hyperresponsiveness), and episodic symptoms.
Three features define asthma: INFLAMMATION, reversible OBSTRUCTION, and airway HYPERRESPONSIVENESS. The reversibility is what distinguishes asthma from COPD. Because the underlying problem is inflammation, anti-inflammatory therapy (inhaled corticosteroids) — not just bronchodilation — is the cornerstone of chronic control.
Asthma vs COPD in One Word
Asthma = REVERSIBLE airway obstruction driven by inflammation. COPD = airflow limitation that is NOT fully reversible and is progressive. This single distinction shapes every treatment decision.
📖 “Asthma: chronic inflammatory airway disorder -> inflammation, reversible obstruction, hyperresponsiveness, episodic symptoms. Eosinophils, mast cells, leukotrienes.”